1. Zusammenfassung der Literatur

Die chirurgische Versorgung chronischer Analfissuren führt zu besseren Resultaten, als es sich auf konservative Weise bzw. mit einer chemischen Sphinkterolyse erreichen lässt. Die Erfolgsrate liegt bei ca. 95%.

2. Aktuell laufende Studien zu diesem Thema

keine

3. Literatur zu diesem Thema

1. Arroyo A, Perez F, Serrano P et al. (2005) Surgical vs chemical (botulinum toxin) sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long term results of a prospective randomized clinical and manometric study. Am J Surg 189: 429–434
2. Bailey HR, Beck DE, Billingham RP (2002) A study to determine the nitroglycerine ointment dose and dosing interval that best promote the healing of chronic anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 45: 1192–1199
3. Bennett RC, Goligher JC (1962) Results of internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Br Med J 2: 1500–1503
4. Brodie BC (1835) Lectures on diseases of the rectum. III. Preternatural contraction of the sphincter ani. London Med Gaz 16: 26–31
5. Brown CJ, Dubreuil D, Santoro L et al. (2007) Lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin for healing chronic anal fissure and does not compromise long term fecal continence: six year follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 50: 442–448
6. Carapati EA, Kamm MA, McDonald PJ (1989) Randomized controlled trial shows that glyceryl trinitrate heals anal fissures, higher doses are not more effective and there is a high recurrence rate. Gut 44: 727–730
7. De Nardi P, Ortolano E, Radaelli G, Staudacher C (2006) Comparison of glyceryl trinitrate and botulinum toxin-a for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: long term results. Dis Colon Rectum 49: 427–432
8. Dodi G, Bogoni F, Infantino A et al. (1986) Hot or cold in anal pain? A study of the changes in internal anal sphincter profiles. Dis Colon Rectum 29: 248–251
9. Eisenhammer S (1951) The surgical correction of chronic anal (sphincteric) contracture. S Afr Med J 25: 486–489
10. Elsebae MM (2007) A study of fecal incontinence in patients with chronic anal fissure: prospective, randomized, contolled trial of the extent of internal anal sphincter division during lateral sphincterotomy. World J Surg 31: 2052–2057
11. Evans J, Luck A, Hewett P (2001) Glyceryl nitrate vs lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: prospective, randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum 44: 93–97
12. Gabriel WB (1963) Principles and Practice of Rectal Surgery. 5th edn. Ill. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 250–252
13. Gonzales Carro P, Perez Roldan F, Legaz Huidodbro ML (1999) The treatment of anal fissure with botulinum toxin. Gastroenterol Hepatol 22: 163–166
14. Gough MJ, Lewis A (1983) The conservative treatment of fissure in ano. Br J Surg 70: 175–176
15. Hancke E, Schwaner S (2003) Chronische Analfissur – Operative Behandlung mit Analdilatation, Excision der Analfissur vs laterale Sphinkterotomie. Coloproctology 25: 95–105
16. Hasse C, Brune M, Bachmann S et al. (2004) Laterale, partielle Sphinkterotomie zur Therapie der chronischen Analfissur. Chirurg 75: 160–167
17. Herold A (2008) Persönliche Mitteilung
18. Jonas M, Speake W, Scholefield JH (2002) Diltiazem heals glceryl-trinitrate resistant chronic anal fissures – a prospective study. Dis Colon Rectum 45: 1091–1095
19. Jost WH, Schimrigk L (1994) Therapy of anal fissure using botulinum toxin. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 1321–1324
20. Jost WH (1997) One hundred cases of anal fissure treated with botulinum toxin: early and long term results. Dis Colon Rectum 40: 1029–1032
21. Kennedy MI, Sowter S, Lubowski DZ (1999) Glyceryl trinitrate ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a placebo controlled trial and long term follow up. Dis Colon Rectum 42: 1000–1006
22. Kortbeek JB, Langevin JM, Khoo RE, Heine JH (1992) Chronic fissure in ano: A randomized study comparing open and subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 35: 835–837
23. L’Hopital F, Michelland O, Lunaud B (1990) Constipation et hypertonie du sphincter interne de l’anus: response sphincterienne a l’administration sub-linguale de 0.40 mg de Natispray. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 14: 268
24. Lindsey I, Jones OM, Cunningham C et al. (2003) Botulinum toxin as second line therapy for chronic anal fissure failing 0,2% glyceryl-trinitrate. Dis Colon Rectum 46: 361–366
25. Littlejohn DR, Newstead GL (1997) Tailored lateral sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 40: 1439–1442
26. Lund JN, Scholefield JH (1997) Glyceryl trinitrate is an effective treatment for anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 40: 468–470
27. Lund JN, Scholefield JH (1997) Internal sphincter spasm in anal fissure. Br J Surg 84: 1723–1724
28. Meier zu Eissen J (2001) Chronische Analfissur, Therapie. Kongressbd Dtsch Ges Chir 118: 654–656
29. Mentes BB, Irkorucu O, Akin M (2003) Comparison of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 46: 232–237
30. Nelson RL (1999) Metaanalysis of operative techniques for fissure in ano. Dis Colon Rectum 42: 1424–1431
31. Nelson RL (2004) Nonsurgical therapy for anal fissure. The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK
32. Notaras MJ (1971) The treatment of anal fissure by lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy – A technique and results. Br J Surg 58: 96–100
33. Nyam DC, Pemberton JH (1999) Long-term results of lateral internal shpincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to incidence of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 42: 1306–1310
34. Orsay C, Rakinic J, Perry WB et al. (2004) Practice parameters for the management of anal fissures (revised). Dis Colon Rectum 47: 2003–2007
35. Parks AG (1967) The management of fissure in ano. Hosp Med 1: 737–738
36. Perrotti P, Bove A, Antropoli C (2002) Topical nifedipine with lidocaine ointement vs active control for treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a prospective, rando-mized, double-blind study. Dis Colon Rectum 45: 1468–1475
37. Pitt J, Williams S, Dawson PM (2001) Reasons for failure of glyceryl trinitrate treatment of chronic fissure in ano: a multivariate analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 44: 864–867
38. Richard CS, Gregoire R, Plewes EA (2000) Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized controlled trial by the Canadian Colorectal Surgical Trials Group. Dis Colon Rectum 43: 1048–1057
39. Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Bartram CJ (1994) Prospective study of the extent of internal anal sphincter division during lateral internal sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 1031–1033
40. Were AJ, Palamba HW, Bilgen EJ (2001) Isorbide dinitrate in the treatment of anal fissure: a randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Eur J Surg 167: 382–385